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Abstract Drawing
Nováková, Bára ; Zapletal, Aleš (referee) ; Rathouský, Luděk (advisor)
The bachelor thesis consists of five large-format charcoal drawings on paper. The central motif is transformation, its possibilities, forms and ways. The drawings show constant movement and transformation, living matter, the ruling force inherent in the natural elements. The bachelor thesis has an imaginative character and works mainly with abstract morphology. But even though the drawings are abstract, I purposefully work with them in the spatiality and light modeling of objects, as with real things. In a way, the drawings illustrate the processes during which things take shape.
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Spotřeba palivového dřeva a dřevěného uhlí v domácnostech v okrese Kalomo, Zambijská republika
Boltižiar, Martin
The topic of the thesis was to establish the consumption of firewood and charcoal in the Southern Province of the Republic of Zambia. Data collection, field survey and questionnaire survey and collection of all background information was carried out in rural agricultural camps and in Kalomo town. Information on firewood and charcoal consumption in the area as well as socio-economic information on the inhabitants was obtained. It was found that an average rural household of 7 members consumes 62 kg of firewood per week, or approximately 19 kg of charcoal per household. The approximate annual household consumption is 3 217 kg of firewood or 997 kg of charcoal per household. Charcoal is produced in the countryside from local tree species and sold mainly in towns to residents who own a charcoal stove. All the data can be further used to establish fast-growing stands that would be used by local people in their area for regular logging or subsequent charcoal production and conservation of native tree stands.
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Charcoal kiln and tar kiln in the Velechvínském polesí
TÖRÖK, Jan
The bachelor's thesis is focused on a deeper understanding of the function, significance and chronology of deserted production features of forest crafts (mills and tar kilns) in the Velechvínské polesí (České Budějovice district). Methods of non-destructive archaeology and bioarchaeology were used: magnetometry, dendrochronology, radiocarbon dating, metal detector survey, geodetic survey, anthracology and archival research.
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The use of modern analogies in the interpretation of paleoecological and archaeobotanical results
Bortelová, Nina ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Abraham, Vojtěch (referee)
Standing on the uniformitarian principle, quaternary palaeoecology strives to match fossil proxy data assemblages with their vegetation equivalents in order to understand spatiotemporal ecosystem dynamics. Finding such an equivalent in today's world - a modern analogy of an analyzed fossil sample (or a fossil analogy of a known modern sample, respectively), may represent a highly welcomed helping hand with proxy data interpretation. Nevertheless, one might be skeptical to which extent we can rely on such assumptions in rather specific contemporary state of nature, reflecting f.e. increased CO2 levels, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, habitat fragmentation, or traditional management abandonment. The thesis discusses advantages, difficulties, and some examples of using analogs in quaternary palaeoecology with emphasis on charcoal and pollen analysis since these are the most used in the study of vegetation dynamics over long time scales. It aims to understand and summarize the extent to which modern analogs are helpful with sharpening focus on past landscapes and processes, that formed them into today's state. Keywords: modern analogs, vegetation reconstructions, palynology, anthracology, charcoal, pollen, quaternary palaeoecology
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Anthracological and xylotomy analysis from prehistoric archaeological sites and its relationship to vegetation conditions
Prach, Martin ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Beneš, Jaromír (referee)
Xylotomy and anthracological analysis belong to fundamental paleoecological methods used mostly for reconstructing evolution of past wood vegetation. The point of this analysis is utilizing either charred or uncharred ancient wood material in the form of taxonomical determination of particular fragments, resulting in conclusions pointing towards reconstruction of species composition of past vegetation. In its first part, this work deals with brief introduction of the method, containing its short history, different methodological approaches and possible complications with final conclusions. The literature review part contains geographically sorted analysis of studies from continental Europe from Spain to Sweden, published mostly in english. Keywords: charcoal, wood, reconstruction of vegetation, archeology, anthracology
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Abstract Drawing
Nováková, Bára ; Zapletal, Aleš (referee) ; Rathouský, Luděk (advisor)
The bachelor thesis consists of five large-format charcoal drawings on paper. The central motif is transformation, its possibilities, forms and ways. The drawings show constant movement and transformation, living matter, the ruling force inherent in the natural elements. The bachelor thesis has an imaginative character and works mainly with abstract morphology. But even though the drawings are abstract, I purposefully work with them in the spatiality and light modeling of objects, as with real things. In a way, the drawings illustrate the processes during which things take shape.
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Holocene fire history of forest vegetation in central Europe based on soil and sedimentary charcoal
Bobek, Přemysl ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Feurdean, Angelica (referee) ; Chytrý, Milan (referee)
Fire is a fundamental environmental factor that directly shapes many terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. The present thesis attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the fire dynamics in Central Europe over the course of the last 12,000 years. Based on extensive analyses of charcoal particles deposited in terrestrial and lacustrine sedimentary sequences and carbonized plant tissues deposited in soils, I was able to track past fire dynamics across a range of spatial scales - from the forest stand scale to the landscape scale. First, we described relationships between drivers of recent fire occurrence and proposed linkages to the spatial pattern of Late-Holocene biomass burning. We found factors related to relief characteristics, such as increased thermal flux or terrain roughness, to be important determinants of fire occurrence within the present-day landscape. Contrary to all expectations, anthropogenic drivers seem to have a weak influence at present. Because relief-based factors have been stable throughout the Holocene, it seems probable that habitats of certain types are more predisposed to increased burning. We hypothesized that recurrent fire disturbances may contribute to the long-term maintenance of Pinus sylvestris-dominated forests, which withstood the competitive pressure of broadleaf...
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Anthracological and xylotomy analysis from prehistoric archaeological sites and its relationship to vegetation conditions
Prach, Martin ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Beneš, Jaromír (referee)
Xylotomy and anthracological analysis belong to fundamental paleoecological methods used mostly for reconstructing evolution of past wood vegetation. The point of this analysis is utilizing either charred or uncharred ancient wood material in the form of taxonomical determination of particular fragments, resulting in conclusions pointing towards reconstruction of species composition of past vegetation. In its first part, this work deals with brief introduction of the method, containing its short history, different methodological approaches and possible complications with final conclusions. The literature review part contains geographically sorted analysis of studies from continental Europe from Spain to Sweden, published mostly in english. Keywords: charcoal, wood, reconstruction of vegetation, archeology, anthracology
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